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Life Insurance

Types of Policies

To determine what type of life insurance policy is right for you, you need to ask yourself some more questions.

  • When will my debt disappear?
  • When will my child's education be complete?
  • How much will the amount I need decrease as I build up my investment plan?

There are two basic types of life insurance policies: Term insurance and Permanent insurance.


Term insurance

Individual term

  • Generally for short-term to mid-term obligations
  • Charges for pure cost of insurance protection
  • Does not build cash value
  • Generally for a specific time period (e.g., 1 to 15 years)
  • Usually renewable

Group term

  • Underwriting more lenient than individual coverage
  • Employer may share the cost
  • At termination of employment, coverage ceases unless employee converts to an individual policy

Credit life

  • Covers an outstanding loan balance
  • Normally sold by banks and retailers
  • High cost compared to individual and group term

Permanent insurance

Traditional whole life

  • Level premiums and level death benefit
  • Cost usually higher than term insurance in early policy years, lower in later years
  • Portion of premium develops cash value over time that may be used for:
    • Emergency funds
    • Retirement income
    • Purchase of a paid up policy

Interest-sensitive whole life

  • Accumulations based on earnings credited to policy's general account
  • Credits excess interest rate above guaranteed rate
  • Marketed by stock companies
  • Cost similar to traditional whole life policies
  • Insured retains some portion of investment risk

Universal life

  • Has features of both term and permanent insurance
  • Side investment fund earns at a current interest rate
  • Cash values are credited with a higher current interest rate
  • Guaranteed minimum rate
  • Same loan provisions as other permanent policies. Loan features include:
    • Borrowed cash values continue to receive guaranteed interest rate
    • Loans generally not taxable
  • Partial surrender provision
    • Withdraw part of cash value without a repayment provision
    • Interest portion of withdrawal is taxable
    • Death benefit options
    • Pays beneficiary face amount of policy
    • Pays beneficiary policy's face amount plus accumulated values

Other types of life insurance

Variable universal life

  • Policy owner selects variable investment options
    • Stock funds
    • Bond funds
    • Money market funds
  • Provides an insurance coverage floor at death
  • Insured retains some portion of investment risk

Survivorship policies

  • Traditional or interest-sensitive policies
  • Pays beneficiary at time second insured dies
  • Usually purchased when two people have a large estate, business property, or need cash for estate-tax payment
  • Covers two lives, so premiums are lower and coverage is for a longer period of time

Single premium life

  • Single life policies, an interest-sensitive contract with tax-deferred earnings as well as life insurance protection
  • Single premium payment

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Take some time to understand important terms and provisions that are defined in the next section.

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Last Updated: 5/1/2009